Essay The Phenomenon of Cultural Globalization - 747 Words

The term globalization is commonly used to describe the increased mobility of goods, services, labor, and technology throughout the world. Globalization is a social change; it is really an increase in connections among societies and their elements. Globalization has become identified with a number of trends, most of which developed in the period after World War II. The developments of technology, organizations, legal systems, and infrastructures helped enable this movement to occur, thus leading cultures toward the idea of modernity. The ongoing globalization debate confronts the world of social sciences with a series of theoretical and empirical challenges. One could feasibly determine that the term globalization means to†¦show more content†¦In return, these depictions or portrayals of cultures have ignited heated debates amongst the international communities surrounding the concepts of cultural globalization. Cultural imperialism also referred to, as Americanization, or westernization, is a homogenization that critics insist the mass media is to be blamed for. The cultural imperialism debate becomes highly important shortly after the decolonozation begins to produce dozens of new states in Africa, Asia, and the Pacific (Lechner and Boli: 287). Hence, with the formations of new states, come the births of new cultures. During this particular time period in history, the politico-military can no longer exercise their forces in the same manner as before. Therefore, the neo-colonialists began using symbols and psychological control as a means of force. These individuals carry this process out via global telecommunications systems, especially by the proliferation of television. As previously mentioned, heated international debates stem out of the medias portrayal of societies, as well as new commissions of concerned individuals, challenging the cultural imperialism debate. During the 1970s the membership grew to more than ninety countries (nonaligned nations) plus several regional groups and represented a majority in various United Nations bodies. These UN agencies embraced a developmental ideology, meaning that high priority would be givenShow MoreRelatedCulture Globalization and Its Impact on Recreation Culture1353 Words   |  6 Pagestwenty century until that day by globalization theory, its concept and future impacts . the scientists opinions had varied about globalization repercussions at rising countries including the Arab and Islamic countries . cultural globalization is one of globalization fields which correlated by cultural side , all life fields impacted by globalization , the sport field is one of fields which impact by social phenomenon what appear on societies , but globalization appearance and its effect on anyRead MoreGlobalization And Cultural Change : Globalization930 Words   |  4 PagesGlobalization Cultural Change Globalization refers the movement toward globally similar social attitudes, linguistic, global trades, through increased connectedness among countries and individuals worldwide. This globalization allows citizens to discover and explore other cultures. As globalization occurs, local cultures need to take an active role. With actively engaged local cultures, globalization can be a win-win situation in both world and local cultures and can lead citizens throughout theRead MoreSouth Asian Popular Culture : A Cultural Phenomenon, And A Sphere Of Capitalist Activities892 Words   |  4 Pages T Over the past decades, an increasing amount of cultural products such as television dramas, movies, animations and pop music have gained immense popularity among Asian countries, especially in Mainland China since the Chinese economic reform in the early 1980s.   E Popular culture is often referred to as a ‘mass culture’, ‘a cultural phenomenon’ and ‘a sphere of capitalist activities’ (Fung, 2007; Chua, 2007), with the capacity to transcend national boundaries and delimitate political tensionsRead MoreGlobalization And Its Impact On Society Essay1550 Words   |  7 PagesGlobalization defines practically all facets of modern life. The jobs available to the public, the cultures people embody/emulate, the relationships individuals engage in, are all continuously altered by the profound forces of the globalizing process. Capital, people, images, commodities and ideology transcend national borders, and information races around the globe at accelerating speeds (Inda 4). The theme of globalization has emerged generating considerable amounts of controversy in its wake,Read MoreGlobalization Of The American Style Fast Food900 Words   |  4 PagesGlobalization is one of the most popular issues that have been d iscussed through the world by the sociologist for decades.(James A. D, Dick. P, Yongseok Seo 2006) According to John Tomlinson’s (Tomlinson 2006) cognition of globalization. He interprets that: â€Å"Globalization is a complex process because it involves rapid social change that is occurring simultaneously across a number of dimensions – in the world economy, in politics, in communications, in the physical environment and in cultureRead MoreGlobalisation Leads to the Homogenization of Cultures Essay1122 Words   |  5 Pageseconomy (Seitz, 1995, p. 26). Under such a background, the World Trade Organization (WTO) was founded, and then accelerated the development of economic globalization. As there is an inseparable relationship between economy and culture, the more the trend of economic globalization accelerates, the faster the trend of various culture globalization blends (Seitz, 1995, p. 27). Collisions between various cultures may have different consequences. Some scholars think that the long-term results of cultureRead MoreNo Cringe At The Third World Thought Of Arranged Marriages1353 Words   |  6 PagesSome cringe at the third world thought of arranged marriage. However, Ji Hyun Lee’s article in The New York Times titled, â€Å"Modern Lessons From Arranged Marriages†, begins to raise questions concerning how lessons from this culturally unique phenomenon may be able to aid in non-arranged marriages in the United States with the help of experts. Michael J. Rosenfeld, associate sociology professor at Stanford University claims, â€Å"I don’t think love marriage and arranged marriage are as different as weRead MoreThe World A Global Village1644 Words   |  7 Pagestransformations, media culture, and many social-cultural paradigms, which seem to be making the world a global village. From the past, historians and sociologists have looked at how these dynamic changes affect humanity, and the role they play in shaping the future of social human interaction as it is known. All together, there has been an escalation of cultural globalization, which is a phenomenon that is experienced in daily life. This phenomenon is influenced by the diffusion of commodities andRead MoreGlobalization Is A Kind Of Phenomenon Of Human Social Development921 Words   |  4 PagesNowadays, globalization is a kind of phenomenon of human social development process. It enhances global connections and makes different culture spread from all over the world. Globalization is also an exchange of world view, products, concepts and other cultural elements, and it brings a process of international integration. As we know, there are more and more worldwide brands appear in the world, such as Starbucks. Many eastern people begin to accept coffee in their life even though Starbucks isRead MoreIphone And Globalization : Apple s Most Revolutionary Product1442 Words   |  6 PagesiPhone and Globalization iPhone, Apple’s most revolutionary product, is no doubt one of the symbols of globalization. The world will never be same again after its appearance. So what is globalization and how iPhone is related to this phenomenon? Globalization is a process of world’s both transitional and transcultural integration (Al-Rodhan). Globalization implies the formation of a single (universal) global economic, cultural, legal and information space. In other words, the globalization movement

Essay on Holden in The Catcher in The Rye - 1612 Words

The author has put in plenty of themes, messages, ideas, issues, and motifs. The character, Holden Caulfield is alienated from society, is experiencing the painfulness of growing up, thinks that the adult world is full of phoniness, and is sick of hearing about the American Dream from his teachers. JD Salinger has created a book that has raised plenty of questions and controversy towards the readers. The Catcher in the Rye shows how a teenage mind works. JD Salinger has used a stream of consciousness writing style where the character (Holden Caulfield) talks in first person as he presents his thoughts and feelings to the readers. The setting has taken place in the early fifties and the book uses a lot of profane words. The New York†¦show more content†¦Thats all I do all day. Id just be the catcher in the rye and all. I know its crazy, but thats the only thing Id really like to be.† As Holden enters the Museum of National History, his fears change into difficulty. He likes everything easily understandable. He is afraid to admit fear but only admits it in a few instances such as â€Å"Sex is something I just don’t understand. I swear to God I don’t.† Instead of facing adulthood, he traps himself in his own little childhood world thinking about his dream job, catching little kids that are about to fall off a rye cliff. Caulfield’s loneliness is probably one of the main motifs all throughout the novel. â€Å"I felt like jumping out the window. I probably wouldve, too, if Id been sure somebodyd cover me up as soon as I landed. I didnt want a bunch of stupid rubbernecks looking at me when I was all gory.† As he narrates his time in New York, it shows the readers how he looks for someone that understands him. In some ways, it shows that it is his source of pain and his security. Relationships, intimacy, and sexuality are some of the things he fears the most from the adult world. â€Å"Sex is something I really dont understand too hot. You never know where the hell you are. I keep making up these sex rules for myself, and then I break them right away. Last year IShow MoreRelatedThe Catcher in the Rye: Holden and Modern Teenagers898 Words   |  4 PagesThe Catcher in the Rye: Holden and Modern Teenagers The characteristics of Holden from the book The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger, will be compared to the modern teenager.   The characteristics of both sets of teenagers are basically similar, but in some parts, they are different. I chose myself as the modern teenager to be compared to Holden. There will be four major subjects to be talked about in the essay. The main subjects that are going to be discussed in this essay are academics, familyRead MoreHolden Caulfield s The Catcher Of The Rye1416 Words   |  6 PagesIt is evident that the protagonist, Holden Caulfield suffers from depression due to the death of his younger brother, Allie in The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger. Due to Allie’s death, Holden’s actions elicit his own views of the world and the â€Å"phonies† around him.   Holden has tunnel-vision to living a simple, happy life and isolates himself from those around him who understand the concept of growing up. Salinger uses a hat, a museum, and a merry-go-round to illuminate Holden’s emotion, theRead MoreEssay on The Metamorphosis of Holden in The Catcher in the Rye1186 Words   |  5 PagesThe Metamorphosis of Holden in The Catcher in the Rye      Ã‚  Ã‚   Without love and guidance, young people often find themselves lost; unsure of what direction their lives are headed. Such is the case with Holden Caulfield, a character from the novel The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger. Holden is a sixteen-year old boy who has lost his way. Hold has suffered a great loss, the death of his Brother, Allie.       Holden is trying to reconcile his emotions since Allies death. WhileRead MoreConformity In Holden Caufield In The Catcher In The Rye721 Words   |  3 PagesHolden Caufield in the story Catcher in the Rye represents a growing discontent with 1950 America’s culture of conformity by not following the â€Å"norm†, or what he likes to call phony people. â€Å"The culture of conformity† a cultural shift in the 1950’s that caused people, young and old to stop trying to truly be themselves, instead they would start following group norms. The norm was basically you would have to do good in high school then grind away at college to excel there, then you would finish collegeRead MoreHolden Caulfield s The Catcher Of The Rye824 Words   |  4 PagesThe Catcher in the Rye Symbolism Essay J.D Salinger’s Catcher in the Rye, is the story of Holden Caulfield’s loss of faith in society, and in particular adults. Salinger uses a number of symbols to demonstrate Holden’s rebellion against the phony facade of society and his desire to preserve the innocence of children, especially those he loves. Chief among them is Holden’s misinterpretation of Robert Burns’ poem â€Å"Comin thro’ the Rye†, wherein Holden mistakes the original line, â€Å"If a body meet aRead MoreHolden Caulfield s The Catcher Of The Rye1213 Words   |  5 Pages The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger’s protagonist, Holden Caulfield suffers from depression due to the death of his younger brother, Allie. Allie’s premature passing elicits Holden’s cynical views of the world and the â€Å"phonies† around him.   Holden isolates himself from those around him in order to shy away from the complexities of life. Salinger uses a hat, a museum, and a merry-go-round to illuminate Holden’s inner turmoil with people, the notion of adulthood, and growing up. Sigmund Freud’sRead MoreHolden Caulfield s The Catcher Of The Rye1493 Words   |  6 PagesJerome David Salinger’s novel, The Catcher in the Rye, describes Holden Caulfield’s journey to understand the complexities of growing up and his purpose. In the beginning, he is in a mental hospital somewhere near Los Angeles and is writing about this â€Å"madman stuff† to a psychoanalyst. Holden flunked out of Pencey Prep and leaves his dormitory to go on a journey around New York to find his way through post-war New York society. At the same time, he is suffering from depression and is on the vergeRead MoreReview Of Holden s The Catcher Rye 960 Words   |  4 PagesNovember 2015 Holden’s Adolescence J.D Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye recounts protagonist Holden Caulfield’s journey after he becomes expelled from his boarding school, Pencey Preparatory, due to his inability to improve his grades. Before leaving Pencey, Holden visits Mr. Spencer to say goodbye, but Mr. Spencer confronts him with his lousy exam essay— causing Holden to make up an excuse to avoid Mr. Spencer’s persistent sermon. Holden does not go home; instead he wanders through New York CityRead MoreHolden Caulfield s The Catcher Of The Rye1928 Words   |  8 PagesIn The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger, Holden Caulfield’s story is seemingly aimless and without any sense of direction. However, Salinger brings the novel into focus in the final chapters by introducing the idea of being the â€Å"Catcher in the Rye† from the poem by Robert Burns. Salinger chose the name â€Å"Catcher in the Rye† for the title of his novel, but why? The answer is that Sal inger wanted to emphasize the connection between Holden, the main character, and the cryptic â€Å"Catcher.† Holden confessesRead MoreCatcher in the Rye Essay: The Innocence of Holden897 Words   |  4 PagesThe Innocence of Holden in The Catcher in the Rye nbsp; In J. D. Salingers novel The Catcher in the Rye, Holden Caulfield, the protagonist, spends several days wandering around New York. During this time, he learns many things about himself. He seems to have some sort of mental problem, but this problem fortunately begins to be less serious by the end of the story. But more interesting that the things he knows about himself are the things he does not know about himself. Holden is constantly holding

Animal Abuse Free Essays

Many people have taken animals for granted since a long time. Thomas Edison once said, â€Å"Non-violence leads to the highest ethics, which is the goal of all evolution. Until we stop harming all other living beings, we are still savages. We will write a custom essay sample on Animal Abuse or any similar topic only for you Order Now † Animal cruelty is an ongoing problem that many people disregard in today’s society. It is mainly caused by the use, neglect, and intentional mistreatment of animals, all of which can still be prevented by stricter laws, awareness, and education. It’s said that an animal dies in a laboratory every three seconds. An estimated 25 to 35 million animals are helplessly used in the United States each year for three main purposes; biomedical and behavioral research, education, and drug and product testing (Fox, 58). Animals range from mostly rodents to rabbits, cats, dogs, and monkeys. The conditions in which laboratory animals are kept in are not good at all. Cages are too small and the animals are deprived of social interaction (59). Three examples of the use of scientific research on animals are the Draize test, LD/50 test, and toy tests. The Draize test is the most common procedure to test for irritation. Animals used in this test are rabbits, mainly due to their extremely sensitive eyes. Because rabbits have no tear ducts, it makes it easier for scientists to observe because the rabbits cannot wash test materials out of their eyes. In performing this test, a rabbit’s head is placed in stock to prevent the animal from scratching or pawing at the eye in which a substance has been placed. The lower lid of one eye is pulled down and away from the eye. Then, the test substance such as nail polish remover, shampoo, or mascara is dropped into or smeared on the eye. The other eye acts as a control. Testers look for redness in the affected eye, swelling, and other signs of irritation. Corneal ulcers and blindness are often the result. After the test, the rabbits are either killed or used in another test (McCoy 47). The LD/50 test was developed in England in 1927, by a mathematician. This test is often criticized as unreliable and cruel. The objective of this test is to measure how much of a chemical is required to cause death. The majority of animals used in this test are dogs, rats, hamsters and guinea pigs. In just one single test, up to 200 animals may be used. Laboratory animals are force-fed toxic substances by a stomach tube. Then the animals are observed for two weeks or until death. The animals that survive are usually killed later, as if it’s nothing. Other procedures include the inhalation of a chemical or substance. Animals are forced to breathe the vapor or powder of a chemical or substance. Sometimes, these chemicals are applied to the skin of an animal. In all these tests, observers look for signs of poisoning, bleeding from the eyes, nose, or mouth, difficulty in breathing, tremors, paralysis, and coma (McCoy 106). Toys are often needlessly tested on animals to determine their safety. To test toy guns, manufacturers point the guns in animals’ faces and see if the plastic pieces discharged hurt the animal. Substances like modeling clay are force-fed to animals to test its toxicity. Other tests involve dropping toys on animals to see if any parts hurt them. Not only are these tests cruel, they are unnecessary. Most toy companies have new high-tech methods of testing their toys for safety without harming animals (Various Authors, 61). Animals weren’t created to entertain. Examples of this are the zoos, circuses, and rodeos. At zoos, large captive animals pace back and forth in small pens and other animals just lie around in their cages bored. Many healthy animals are snatched out of their natural habitats and brutally transferred to a cage, where they are prevented from following their most basic instincts, such as gathering food. When capturing chimpanzees, poachers usually shoot the mother and kidnap the child. After all this, statistics show that only one in ten baby chimps survive the journey to the zoo. Zoo animals also suffer from mistreatment. They lack privacy and cannot live according to their natural needs. Aquatic animals have very little water, animals that once lived in herds are alone, and animals of all types are prevented from natural mating, flying, running, climbing, and other instinctive behaviors. Animals bred in zoos are often sold to laboratories for experiments or to circuses. Some zoo animals end up in â€Å"wild game† parks or hunting preserves; where people pay thousands of dollars to shoot a lion or tiger at point-blank range (Various Authors, 64). Both the Draize test and LD/50 test should be banned. They are not only inaccurate, but the Humane Society of the United States stated that its results are of little value in diagnosis and treatment (McCoy, 49). The toy tests should just be completely banned because it is just plain mean and pointless. Many people don’t realize this but circuses are one of the greatest examples of people’s cruelty to animals. Not only are circus animals taken out of their natural habitats, they are confined in cramped cages. Sometimes they have inadequate food and drinking water. When it comes to training, they endure tight collars/muzzles and are whipped, prodded to perform senseless tricks for the sake of entertainment. Some circus animals are drugged to make them more obedient, and others have their teeth and claws removed. When circus animals have outlived their usefulness, they are usually sold to zoos, private collectors, game farms, or research laboratories. They don’t get a moment of peace, even after they are done performing (Various Authors, 65). Rodeos are basically defined as a demonstration of a person’s domination over an innocent animal, rather than their skill in riding. Rodeo animals suffer a lifetime of stress by being transported from one rodeo to another. These animals are captive performers, housed in tiny trailers and pens, then whipped into frenzy for the sake of a show. Electric prods, sticks, painful ointments, and other devices are used to enrage animals and keep them in line. Many suffer severe bruising, neck and back injuries, internal hemorrhaging, and broken bones. Several rodeos don’t even offer veterinary care to animals, which often undergo open wounds, skin infections, cracked hooves, and other maladies (Various Authors, 66). There are various and simple preventions to help stop animal cruelty. One being PETA; one of the many organizations for animal rights. PETA is responsible for ending the use of the Draize test. Their tactics consists of organizing boycotts, promoting shareholder resolutions and alerting the general public (McCoy, 47). Although the federal Animal Welfare Act was created, the animals being researched in laboratories receive little protection under this act because the United States Department of Agriculture does an inadequate job of inspecting animal research facilities, and an even worse job enforcing the law when violations are found. If this act is taken seriously, there would be fewer problems. There are countless alternatives to scientific research including non-animal laboratory tests, clinical tests on human beings, cell and tissue cultures in vitro; microorganisms and other species believed to have limited or no feeling for pain or suffering. There is also a large data base of ingredients and products that have been previously tested, as well as computer models that can provide answers in research procedures or techniques. This alternative would involve fewer animals per experiment/study and that leads to less pain and discomfort (McCoy, 52). Another easy prevention is education. Respect for animals is learned, not inborn. In reality, children have complex feeling about animals, including fear, and the potential to be cruel. Children need adults’ guidance and supervision when it comes to animals. It’s hard for children to understand because children are exposed at a young age, the stereotype of how animals are. Dogs, cats, rabbits are often portrayed as the good ones, while snakes, bears, and cheetahs are seen as the dangerous, bad guys. Despite these stereotypes, all animals are equal and should have the chance to be treated fairly. Other ways to teach children to be kind to animals are writing letters to companies that test on animals, and reading books about friendly animals (Harnack, 89). All these preventions are straightforward and simple to follow. Animal cruelty is an ongoing problem that many people disregard in today’s society. It is mainly caused by the use, neglect, and intentional mistreatment of animals, all of which can still be prevented by stricter laws, awareness, and education. Clearly, empathy is no longer understood or experienced. It is not too late to help animals who suffer every moment of their lives in unethical experiments and abuse inflicted on by humans. How to cite Animal Abuse, Essay examples

Reflection Paper On Communication At Work - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theReflection Paper on Communication at Work. Answer: Introduction Communication is an essential element at any kind of workplace. Organizations comprises of various departments that have different kinds of personnel that are at different levels. Information being part of the most crucial business asses, it is expected to flow from one department to another within the organizations. Proper communication can help to meet goals, maintain relations in organizations (Sharma, 2015). Personnel also need to report to their seniors in order to give account of their undertakings. This is called upward communication. Senior personnel also need to pass instructions and orders to their juniors, what is referred to as downward communication. It is clear that most organizations emphasizes on formal communication when it comes to work places, with little emphasis given on informal, or rather social communication. This reflection paper aims at giving an account of communication at work place, analyzing the issues that have been raised in the communication process. My Communication Event at Work. Securing a position as an Intern in the marketing department of a reputable company was one of my greatest achievements. I was among the few selected Interns who were given a rare chance to work in the marketing department of a multinational company. As usual, all of us were expected to show the little competence we had when it came to matters concerning formulation and execution of marketing strategies. We grouped in three groups of four members each. Each group was expected to have a group leader responsible for presenting reports and recommendations to the supervisor. The supervisor was to present the reports and recommendations at the department level to be discussed by a panel of executives. The mode of communication was to follow that order. Group members were not allowed to present the recommendations directly to the supervisor; it was only expected to be done through the group leaders. Also, the group leaders could not present the recommendations or ideas directly to the executives at the department level. All the recommendations were supposed to be presented through the Supervisor of interns. As a member of the group, I set in with my colleagues in down some marketing research on effect of promotion on fast-moving consumer goods. I was the one responsible for taking notes. We discussed with ideas flowing in. The use of informality in communication helped us understand each other. It also helped me build the confidence in contributing to the ideas despite the fact that some of the group members were much older than me. From the look of the ideas, I realized that we were working as a team. We had good points and strategies. This was confirmed by our supervisor during the preliminary supervision. On submission day, it was unfortunate that our group leader did not make it to work due to unavoidable circumstances. I was asked by my fellow group members to submit the final report. When I reached the supervisor, he did not accept the report on claims that it was only supposed to be submitted and signed by the group leader. He claimed that it was the formal communication protocol, which was part of the test. I tried to use some chit chat but he seemed so inclined to the formal communication and structural order of flow of the information in the company. I tried to suggest if I could take the presentation directly to the panel and explain to them. Unfortunately, he rejected my suggestion on claims that that was the worst breach of communication protocol. Having no otherwise, I returned to my group members and explained to them. The other groups presented theirs through group leaders and they continued the internship. Our internship period was terminated on claims that we did not present the reports. Russian Doll Analogy Kaye (2014) states that the Russian Doll Analogy describes communication in for major aspects which are self-management, inter-personal relationships, people in the system and competence. These four aspects of the Russian Doll Analogy also applies in the communication experience at workplaces. The communication experience I had helped me build confidence while discussing marketing strategies with my colleagues. It helped me establish good skills in presenting issues to my group members and also the courage to face the intern supervisor while group leader was away. The interaction with my group members also encouraged inter-persona relationship with my group members. The inter-personal skills help in promoting good relations and understanding among the employees of organizations. In an organization, the people are the employees in the organization while the system refers to the organization structure and policies (Levin, Giles, Garrett, 1994). I experienced the system in terms of the communication channel that was set by the company. It was a well laid down system that we all had to adhere to. Strict Formality in Internal Communication Deetz (2001) explains internal communication as being the process in which organizations are viewed and discussed. Organizations always tend to follow strict formality when handling communications at workplaces (BELLO, 2000). The kind of communications followed at work places include upward and downward communication. In my case, there was strict formality in communication. I had to adhere to the laid down procedure regarding the channel of communications. I believe this prevented our report from reaching the panel, which I believe it was the best among the ideas. Organizations should always try to loosen the communication rules to allow free and faster flow of information within the organization (Moreno, 2006). Junior workers should be allowed to communicate to senior executives with no bottle-necks. Informal Communication The use of informal communication at work place helps in creating good customer relations as well as understanding. The use of informal communication with my group members helped me feel free to discuss and present the points to my colleagues. It promotes cohesion and empathy among the workers at workplaces. Organizations should encourage, to some extent, the use of informal communication by employees. This should not be only between workers of the same level, but also between workers of different levels. Every manager agrees that workplace communication is the most essential thing and the key component to create a productive environment ("Workplace communication for the 21st century: tools and strategies that impact the bottom line: v.1: Internal workplace communication; v.2: External workplace communication", 2013). The key to managing workers well in the work place is by understanding how these employees communicate with each other. This also makes it easy for the management and other employees to appreciate certain behaviors that are depicted in the work place. Informal communication flows in all directions in the work place including upwards, downwards, or horizontal throughout the work place (Russell, 1997). This is unlike formal communication which must either be written i.e. through email, memos or notices. Formal communication can also be verbal even though in most cases, this is normally one direction. Informal communication does not follow the organizational structure and will generally take any direction. In the workplace that I worked at, informal communication was mostly used for rumors and gossip. This would create a bond amongst the workers and help teams to collaborate well and become cohesive. In most cases, you realize that the workers in the workplace would spend more time in the offices because of the informal relationships and communication that takes place among them. In addition to the above, there is also small group communication in the workplace that includes the staff meetings, planning sessions, project briefings, board and committee meetings, working sessions among others (Henningsen Henningsen, 2014). In most cases, these meetings and group communications would tend towards informal communication unless when done through video conferencing (Carletta, Garrod, Fraser-Krauss, 1998). Therefore, workplace communication plays an important role in building teams and enhancing workplace relationships that lasts beyond working time and period. It also assists in revealing other important things that might affect an employee negatively and it is outside the work structure. Conclusion Communication is an essential element in any workplace. It enhances good floor of work, good relationships as well as planned structure of operations. The formality used in communications within different organizations aid a lot in enhancing smooth flow of instructions, guidelines and orders as well as reports from junior personnel to executives. However, organizations should also learn the importance of loosening communication policies and red-tapes to allow timely and effective floor of information without barriers created by the formal communication structures. Organizations should also strive to encourage informal communication at work places. This will help in enhancing cohesion, understanding, empathy and good relationships amongst workers. At the same time, workers should make good use of the informality to avoid effects such as spread of rumors and gossips within the organization. References BELLO, R. (2000). Determinants of Equivocation: The Influence of Situational Formality, Interaction Phase, and Ambiguity Tolerance.Communication Research,27(2), 161-193. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009365000027002003 Carletta, J., Garrod, S., Fraser-Krauss, H. (1998). Placement of Authority and Communication Patterns in Workplace Groups: The Consequences for Innovation.Small Group Research,29(5), 531-559. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1046496498295001 Henningsen, D. Henningsen, M. (2014). A Preliminary Examination of Perceptions of Social Influence in Group Decision Making in the Workplace.International Journal Of Business Communication,52(2), 188-204. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2329488414525448 Levin, H., Giles, H., Garrett, P. (1994). The effects of lexical formality and accent on trait attributions.Language Communication,14(3), 265-274. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0271-5309(94)90004-3 Moreno, R. (2006). Citizens and media cultures: hidden behind democratic formality.Global Media And Communication,2(3), 299-313. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742766506069580 Russell, R. (1997). Workplace democracy and organizational communication.Communication Studies,48(4), 279-284. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10510979709368508 Sharma, Priti R. (2015). Organization communication: perception of staff members level of communication satisfaction and job satisfaction. Electronic theses and Distribution. Paper 2481. https://dc.etsu.edu Varona, F. (1996). Relationship between communication satisfaction and organizational commitment in three Guatemalan organizations. Journal of Business Communication,33(2), 111-140. Weber, M. (1947). The theory of social and economic organization (A.M. Henderson and T. Parsons, Trans.). New York, NY: Free Press. Weiss, D. J., Dawis, R. V., England, G. W., Lofquist, L. H. (1967). Manuel for the MinnesotaSatisfaction Questionnaire. Minneapolis: University, Industrial Relation Center. Wi?ska, J. (2010). Influence of superior-subordinate communication on employee satisfaction. Journal of Positive Management, 1(1), 110-124. Workplace communication for the 21st century: tools and strategies that impact the bottom line: v.1: Internal workplace communication; v.2: External workplace communication. (2013).Choice Reviews Online,50(11), 50-6291-50-6291. https://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.50-6291